Gastrointestinal (GI) issues in children encompass a broad range of conditions that affect the digestive system of children.
These issues can range from mild, self-limiting conditions to more severe, chronic illnesses that require ongoing management. Below are some of the most common GI issues:
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD): GORD is a chronic condition where stomach contents flow back into the oesophagus, leading to symptoms and potential complications. It is relatively common in infants and children, though the severity and presentation can vary.
- Constipation: A prevalent issue in children, often due to a diet low in fibre, inadequate fluid intake, or withholding stool due to fear of pain.
- Recurrent Abdominal Pain: This can be caused by various conditions, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), food intolerances, infections, or stress. It's essential to identify the underlying cause through a thorough history, examination, and sometimes investigations like stool tests or imaging.
- Failure to Thrive (FTT): FTT refers to inadequate growth or inability to maintain growth, often linked to underlying medical, nutritional, or psychosocial issues. Feeding difficulties can contribute to FTT and may require a multidisciplinary approach, including dietitians, and speech therapists.
- Food Allergies and Intolerances: Food allergies and intolerances are common concerns, affecting children in various ways. Although they may present with similar symptoms, they differ in their underlying mechanisms and management strategies.
- Lactose Intolerance: Lactose intolerance in children is a condition where their bodies cannot adequately digest lactose.
Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhoea, and gas after consuming dairy products.